Pope Saint John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła;[a] Polish: [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa];[b] 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) served as Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City...
Relationships with the papacy remained strained, despite outlining that being co-leaders of the reformation, Philip and papacy should have been natural allies. Nevertheless, interests of the papacy, Italy and the Spaniards did not align despite the assumption this would be the case therefore threatening the...
How did the papacy affect the creation of King Henry VIII’s Anglicanism? Henry’s immediate problem in the 1520s was the lack of a male heir. After eighteen years of marriage, he had only a sickly daughter and an illegitimate son. His queen, Catherine of Aragon...