Properties of Cement Mortar Incorporating Solid Waste as Fine Aggregate: a Review

K.I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer and Ashok Kumar Vyas investigated the performance of cement mortar made with marble powder as fine aggregate. Fine aggregate was replaced with marble powder in steps of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. The characteristic variation in water requirement is found to attain the required workability of marble incorporated mortar mixes 1:3 (A), 1:4 (B), 1:5 (C)) and 1:6(D) due to thixotropic nature of marble powder.

Corinaldesi et al. evaluated the possibility of using marble powder as replacement of sand and cement in cement mortar. They replaced the 10% sand by marble powder to prepare a mix of ratio 1:3 with and without super plasticizer. As consequences of result they found that 10% substitution of sand by marble powder provide maximum strength at same workability.

Khyaliya et al. carried out compressive strength test to find the possibility of using marble powder as replacement of sand in lean mortar. They replaced sand by marble powder at 25, 50, 75 and 100% by volume. There is an increase in compressive strength up to 50% substitution of river sand by marble powder. At 50% substitution level compressive strength increased from 2.84 MPa (control mix) to 7.04 MPa (50% replacement level).

K.I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer and Ashok Kumar Vyas investigated the performance of cement mortar made with marble powder as fine aggregate. Fine aggregate was replaced with marble powder in steps of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. At 20% replacement level maximum compressive strength was obtained for cement sand ratio 1:3 (A), 1:4 (B) and 1:5 (C) as compared to conventional mortar. On the other hand, for 1:6 (D) cement sand ratio substitution up to 60% of sand by marble powder achieve maximum strength.

Khyaliya et al. determined the drying shrinkage of control and modified mortar mix at 25 days of exposure condition. It is observed from the figure that drying shrinkage is same at the end of exposure duration of control mix and mix modified with marble at 50% replacement level. Hence, cracking will not be concern while utilizing marble powder waste up to 50% substitution of river sand.

K.I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer and Ashok Kumar Vyas carried out drying shrinkage test of cement mortar made with and without marble powder as fine aggregate. In this study fine aggregate was replaced with marble powder at various substitution levels; 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. It was observed from the figure that drying shrinkage is same of control mortar and mortar at 20% replacement level. This is due to higher specific surface area of marble powder as compared to sand.

The utilization of solid waste (stone waste and marble powder) in varied forms in cement mortar as a partial replacement of fine aggregate has been investigated in subsequent years. This review paper has presented a variety of aspects on solid waste (stone waste and marble powder) and its usage in mortar, which may possibly succinct and concluded as:

Effect of stone waste

1.) Cement mortar incorporating 25% stone waste as substitute of river sand has positive impact on compressive strength property, depending on the mortar mix.

2.) Stone dust utilize up to 25% as replacement of river sand, enhance the tensile property of cement mortar depending upon the mix proportion.

Effect of marble waste

1.) Incorporation of marble waste reduces the water requirement for attaining the desired flow according to Indian standard in cement mortar

2.) Cement mortar incorporating 20% marble waste as river sand replacement modifies the compressive strength properties of cement mortar, depending upon mortar mix and chemical composition of marble waste. .

3.) Marble waste as river sand has marginal effect on drying shrinkage property of cement mortar, depending on the exposure time and mortar mix.

In the view of above conclusions, it can be encapsulated that utilization of solid waste (stone waste and marble waste) modifies the different mechanical and durable properties of cement mortar. Utilization of these solid waste (stone waste and marble waste) will reduces the excessive mining of river sand and will protect the natural resources for being more consumed. Therefore, utilization of these solid wastes as fine aggregate in cement mortar will save the natural assets more successfully and lead to production of sustainable mortar.