The Ideas of Collective Conscience and ‘anomie’ Regarding Stress Experienced by Teenagers in Singapore

Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) was a prominent French sociologist whose theories have left an indelible mark on the field of sociology. Among his most significant contributions are the concepts of collective conscience and anomie, both of which remain pertinent in today's society. This essay aims to analyze the stress experienced by teenagers in Singapore through the lens of Durkheim's theories. By exploring the implications of anomie and collective conscience, we can gain a deeper understanding of the academic pressures and social factors contributing to teenage stress in Singapore.

Understanding Anomie in the Context of Teenage Stress

Anomie refers to a state of normlessness or instability that arises from a breakdown of societal standards and values or from a lack of purpose and ideals, especially during periods of rapid social change. In the context of Singaporean teenagers, anomie manifests when academic success is excessively emphasized, leading to an unhealthy fixation on grades and performance as dictated by societal expectations. This phenomenon often results in a detrimental mindset that undermines self-worth and personal identity.

A poignant illustration of this issue occurred last year when a Primary 5 student tragically fell from his apartment window on the day he was to collect his exam papers. The boy had recently failed in his Higher Chinese and mathematics subjects, which highlights the severe psychological burden placed on teenagers who are not yet mature enough to navigate their expectations and the consequences of failure. Such instances underline how the pressure to achieve academically can lead to devastating outcomes, as seen in this tragic case.

Academic Pressure and Its Effects

The societal indoctrination of the importance of academic excellence begins at a young age. According to a 2015 study by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a staggering 86% of Singaporean students reported feeling anxious about their grades, compared to the global average of 66% across 72 countries surveyed. This overwhelming pressure is exacerbated by a demanding academic environment that includes numerous assessments and high-stakes milestones, such as cohort streaming at Primary 3 and Primary 5.

Such mounting demands can lead to feelings of inadequacy and disconnection among teenagers, who may struggle to reconcile their personal aspirations with societal expectations. The following list summarizes the key factors contributing to teenage stress in Singapore:

• High academic expectations from parents and society
• Frequent assessments and examinations
• Intense competition among peers
• Social media pressures and comparisons
• Lack of emotional support and guidance

The Role of Collective Conscience

Durkheim's concept of collective conscience refers to the shared beliefs and sentiments that bind members of a society together. This collective consciousness creates a sense of solidarity among individuals, which is crucial for their emotional well-being. In the absence of strong social connections and support systems, teenagers may find themselves struggling to cope with the pressures they face.

Durkheim posited that social facts, or the collective influences of society, significantly impact individual behavior, including suicide rates. Recent studies have shown a concerning rise in stress levels among children and adolescents in Singapore. While academic demands are often cited as the primary source of stress, it is essential to recognize that social isolation, family issues, and personal expectations also contribute significantly.

Table: Factors Contributing to Teenage Stress in Singapore

In the face of such challenges, it is vital to enhance social measures that bolster emotional resilience among teenagers. Initiatives such as psychological training programs and peer support groups can provide much-needed guidance and coping strategies. By fostering a stronger sense of community, we can help teenagers navigate their stress more effectively.

Conclusion: Rethinking Support for Teenagers

The increasing rates of suicide and mental health issues among teenagers in contemporary society reflect Durkheim's theories of anomie and the breakdown of societal norms. This situation prompts a critical examination of how Singapore addresses the emotional needs of its youth. There is a pressing need to prioritize emotional support systems and possibly reform the education system to emphasize the learning process rather than solely focusing on outcomes.

In conclusion, understanding the concepts of collective conscience and anomie provides valuable insights into the stress experienced by teenagers in Singapore. By addressing the root causes of this stress and fostering a supportive environment, we can help create a society where young individuals can thrive academically and emotionally.

References:

1. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2015). Students’ Well-Being: A Global Perspective.

2. Durkheim, E. (1897). Le Suicide.

3. Singapore Ministry of Education (2022). Annual Report on Student Well-Being.