The Impact of Trends in Technology Development in Site Selection and Layout

The purpose of this paper is to study and describe the principles of strategic, environmentally sustainable site selection and development, studying the impact of technology trends. Site faculty or development laborers will spend a large portion of the development time inside building locales. In the event that development specialists have the capacity to effortlessly and rapidly move inside the site, it spares time and increases efficiency and also wellbeing. Improving the cost, and efficiency of an undertaking frequently depends on the ideal arranging of the building site design. Be that as it may, site design arranging, extraordinary for every development venture, relies upon numerous factors, for example, work regions and office areas. To improve work put use and limit development clashes, members on a venture must consider the requirements that every development venture involves. As of now, the idea of an enhanced building site design has no reasonable definition, so specialists don't have indicated rules or arrangements that oversee the building site design. Along these lines, the motivation behind this paper is to evaluate current rehearses for site design arranging and feature the requirement for a well manage way to deal with assessing building site designs. The outcomes introduced in this paper can give development firms with a superior comprehension of why a run-based framework is vital in site format arranging.

Introduction

To develop an ideal building site format, , an Site developer thinks about various segments and component. This study presents a detailed set of guidelines and checklists elaborating on technological trends, , the time line including strategic action points and contribution of each technology in ensuring that the long-term health and security of people and communities is prioritize when site selection and development is carried out.

Particular learning targets for this module are as per the following

• Understanding the principles and application of environmentally sustainable site selection and development alternatives.
• Conduct an assessment of Technological trends in site selection, design, and development to beat older mention of site selection.
• Identifying the contribution of such trends in site selection and layout promoting environmentally sustainable site selection and development.

The situation of materials, offices, and hardware inside a development venture space is alluded to as "site format arranging”. A site arrange involves the impression of a building, halting and limit domains, get to avenues, furthermore, brief office zones. An enhanced site format plan ensures the perfect utilization of open space, cut down tasks costs, less development of materials in the midst of advancement, better accessibility to and security of a site, and prosperity of the working environment. Dependent upon the elements, each endeavor has its very own remarkable site organize plan. The first and generally imperative variable of site format arranging, which drives choices in reference to site coordination, is the real size and area of the site. Since each endeavor requires an intriguing plan of elements, masterminding a site configuration is a multi-target task that progressions beginning with one advancement arrange then onto the following. In this manner, the motivation behind this paper is to give an outline of present and developing patterns in site format arranging and stretch the requirement for an IT-based site formatting system checking framework.

To begin with, this paper explores already created methodologies for site design arranging and after that investigates the future patterns of site design arranging. The process of space allocation for construction activities is time consuming and costly

Site selection

Site selection is choosing a new location for a facility, both for government and business purposes measuring the needs of a new venture against a potential geographic location. It can be seen as the process of choosing the optimal location for a business based on accessibility to and availability of customers as well as considerations as to space costs, size, and other physical characteristics, zoning regulations, investment tax credits, and the quality of the available workforce. It is also the process of reviewing various possibilities and evaluating their relative advantages and disadvantages. Site selection comes after the needs assessment is completed. If you select a site before the needs assessment, you may compromise on key design aspects due to site limitations.

There are 4 important factors for site selection identified in the course of this study;

Accessibility

In considering any location it serves you better to choose a place that is nearby one or more major roads and in good condition also easily accessible from other stores from a business perspective.

Competitors

Location of the site should be placed where your service would complement the other services close to you and vice versa. Also avoid choosing a location close to a more established brand.

Parking

Parking space should be readily available. And the layout of the parking lot must be well planned out. Proper parking measurement should be provided obeying the 3:1 ratio, that is, for 3 square feet of parking space for 1 square foot of store.

Costs

Consider the costs for services, rent etc.

Site Layout

A site layout is a landscape architectural plan, and a detailed engineering drawing of proposed improvements to a given lot. A site plan usually shows a building footprint, travel ways, parking, drainage facilities, sanitary sewer lines, water lines, trails, lighting, and landscaping and garden elements. The main objective of site layout and planning is aimed at identifying the most suitable location for objects on the site for construction. A site space is the core to any site layout model and the main reasons for space in site layout are;

• Verification of the available space
• Reference of the specified spaces on the site
• Site layout plan for construction.

Site layout designs are set up by contractual workers as a major aspect of their preparation exercises before work on site commences. They are a basic bit of construction management as destinations can be extremely unpredictable spots including the co-ordination and movement of huge amounts of materials and high-esteem items effectively and absolutely spreading out a site can help ensure that the works are grasped profitably and safely. Cautious estimating and situating of temporary facilities can help lessen travel times, congestion, waiting times, et cetera and help to make the site a more successful work environment with better worker morale.

Site layout planning involves four basic processes:

1. Identifying the site facilities that will be required.
2. Determining the sizes, and other constraints of those facilities.
3. Establishing the inter-relationships between the facilities.
4. Optimizing the layout of the facilities on the site.

Problems caused by poor site layout planning can include:

• Inappropriate storage which can result in damage to products and materials.
• Poor siting of plant and welfare facilities.
• Inadequate space provision and unsatisfactory access.
• Security and safety issues.

Contribution of technology trends

There are lots of technology trends with vast applications but not all can be elaborated on looking at site selection as a case study. Key Concepts in this study is build up on the basis of some observations all of which play a role in the long-term site selection technology application and security of people and communities’ buildings. Project planners can improve project outcomes by taking steps to protect people and their environment. Strategic selection at key intervention points is important because the site selection and development process involves decision making that spans a variety of sectors and time lines. Site selection and development involves a wide range of actions with social, environmental, and economic dimensions. These can result in a wide range of impacts. For the purpose of this paper a few would be addressed as follows.

• Virtual Reality.
• Cloudification.
• Blockchain.
• Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning.
• Internet of things (IOT).
• Data Centers.

Virtual reality

One application that is becoming more popular among consumers and businesses and is tailor-made for site selection is virtual reality (VR). Virtual Reality is the computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted with sensors. Forward-thinking realtors are already moving beyond photos and even 360-degree video and offering clients 3D virtual site “tours” right on their devices. One of the leaders in this category is Matterport, which incorporates photos, videos and VR to allow users to navigate floor plans in a digital manner. The company's value proposition is making the 3D experience of site tours "immersive".

The cloud

Another platform with wide-ranging impact takes on the closing process. Anyone who has ever purchased land knows it is a long and frustrating process. Now, thanks to the cloud and better data management applications, the entire process can be streamlined for both commercial and residential purchases -- right down to electronic signatures. What once took weeks or months can now take just days. Falling data storage costs and expanding bandwidth have enticed countless industries and local governments to shift to cloud computing, or off-site storage of data, usually by a third-party vendorA company that is solving this problem in an innovative way is Private Exchange Australia (PEXA), an online property exchange network which helps customers like lawyers and financial institutions transfer the required paperwork to the land registries and allow them to complete the financial settlements digitally.

Blockchain

Blockchain gets a lot of attention these days, but a big piece of that is bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. There’s certainly a place for cryptocurrencies in site selection transactions, but blockchain’s security, transparency and efficiency innovations are what really matter to the buyers, sellers and renters. Those are the benefits that will allow the industry to standardize and scale online transactions. Of the three technologies mentioned, blockchain is definitely the newest one on the scene. And despite all the hype surrounding it, it’s not the best option for many use cases. This is especially true at the low end of the purchase spectrum: shoes, clothes and everything at Starbucks are not practical use cases for blockchain.

At least some criteria out of several should be met for a blockchain use case to make sense:

• Some type of information exchange between multiple parties is required.
• Privacy is a critical concern.
• Tampering by other parties, i. e. tampering of facts, evidence, information or terms is a major issue. This is a common concern in industries that supply high-value items or legal documents like shipping, financial services, legal and government.
• Reducing administrative costs is a requirement.
• Transparency, auditability and/or verification are requirements.
• Data security is paramount.

Site selection fits all of the criteria.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns and make decisions with minimal human intervention. It is a method of data analysis that automates analytical model building.

AI techniques employed for site planning and layout

• 1SitePlan: this is a database that is concerned with organization of the temporary facilities on the construction sites. Its architecture is concerned with the clear representation of the best problem-solving solution to construct a site layout. Researchers concluding that AI-based programs are better at assisting construction site managers with site planning and layout which results in higher accuracy and performance of the end product.
• Evosite: this is a generic-algorithm based model for site planning. The advantages of evosite are as follows
  • It applies to any user-defined site shape
  • It accounts for the user preference in the relative closeness among the facilities
  • It incorporates a genetic algorithm procedure to search for the optimum layout in a manner that simulates natural evolution.

Evosite uses an AI based innovative spreadsheet representation of the site and the facilities, then automates the evolution of layout solutions.

Applications of AI in construction and building

We classify the major applications for AI in construction and building under the following categories;

• Planning and Design
• Safety
• Autonomous Equipment
• Monitoring and maintenance.

Planning and design

GenMEP- Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a 3D model-based process that gives architecture, engineering, and construction proficient individuals efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure. In order to plan and formulate an entire building, the 3D models need to consider the architecture structural engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and plumbing (MEP) – and the work schedule and timing of these respective teams. The challenge for the construction firms here is to ensure that the different models from each team mesh together and don’t ‘clash’ (which could result in unnecessary reconstruction).

Safety and Efficiency

The use of connected data and machine learning to predict and prioritize high-risk issues Using the BIM Field data gathered from the site in the form of audio, video and construction management documents, can provide actionable insights for the challenges that construction managers and superintendents face every day in terms of risk-mitigation.

Autonomous Equipment

Developing an AI enhanced safety system for jobsites to build 3D visualizations and track the entire construction site the real-time interaction of people, machinery and objects in the site is achievable4. Monitoring and Maintenance Management application that lets users of commercial spaces and office buildings place centralized requests thermostat temperature, change the thermostat settings in a space on-demand, provide AI-enhanced software focused at improving construction productivity. Use sensors to monitor and scan worksites can be developed. The visual data can be processed using deep learning algorithms to measure the currently installed quantities and the rate of production by matching against the desired planning and design parameters for the client. AI platform can detect errors in the construction by comparing visual data from everyday scans of the jobsite to small scale design models.

Technology has enhanced site selection greatly over the years. It has made it easier to select site based on what you want to do with the sites. There are 4 aspects to site selection namely:

1. Selection of potential regions for sites
2. Surface surveillance
3. Underground surveillance
4. Site proposal and decision.

Selection of potential regions for sites: Selection of possible regions for site has been made easier by technology. The internet has a database full of a list of possible site location from all over the world with information on them, when a site is being selected, this database can be used to check which of the possible sites which have been chosen meet the specification of what you have in mind. This can serve as a method to evaluate sites before visitation to eliminate the sites that don’t meet specification, so you will save money on visitation.

Surface surveillance: In site selection, surface survey is carried out with ease because technology has given access to Ground Surveying Equipment that are used to map the surface of the site examples of such technologies includes Topcon HiPerLite+ Real-Time Kinematic GPS system. U

nderground surveillance: Underground surveys can be carried out using technology-based equipment such as the ground penetrating radar (GPR) utility systems which helps locate and map metallic and non-metallic underground utilities and subsurface characteristics. This will make underground survey easier and less stressful.

Site proposal and decision: The last step is the site proposal and decision stage. The site proposal could be written on a system and sent to the appropriate people via mail without a person having to go around with a writing document. Technology can be used to determine the natural factors of the site to be selected. The internet can be used to determine Solar Orientation, Prevailing winds, Precipitation, Temperature and other factors of the site to be selected to evaluate if the site should be selected or not. Effectively and accurately laying out a site can help ensure that the works are undertaken efficiently and safely.

Internet of Things (IOT)

IOT generally is the linking of the physical world with a digital one working on basis relating to Location Intelligence, Location intelligence is a business intelligence (BI) tool capability that relates geographic contexts to business data. Location intelligence software is designed to turn data into insight for a host of business purposes. So it’s no surprise that IoT will lead to major improvements and developments in the smart city, retail, and real estate industries. Using psychographic data in commercial real estate, Never before has Location Intelligence offered commercial real estate (CRE) such hyper-local demographic and psychographic information for optimal site selection. Before selecting a site location for a Physical store, IOT using location intelligence offer commercial real estate with the psychographic data gathered businesses can now minimize risk and maximize their competitive advantage by analyzing psychographic information to figure out where certain products or stores are likely to be more popular using for optimal site selection. Data Centers. The site selection process for data centers largely focuses on minimizing the two primary costs associated with facility operations — taxes and energy costs. Data centers involve extraordinary levels of capital investment, making tax reduction paramount.

Conclusion

Technological application in site selection and layout could be the perfect storm of heavy corporate investment and job creation; however, companies should be prepared for the short and long-term implications of their site selection decisions if they want to strategically take advantage of this opportunity. Project planners can improve project outcomes and reduce costs by taking steps to develop the right location strategy, to protect, impress and maximize profit putting the security of customers into consideration.