The Use of Square Wave Voltammetry Technique to Determine The Overall Properties of Nanoporous Gold

Nanoporous gold is basically made by selective decomposition of silver from silver-gold alloys. Due to its excellent conductivity, high surface area to volume ratio, chemical inaction, physical stability, easily tunable pores, and plasmonic properties which has taken place a huge field in the field of nanotechnology. Square wave voltammetry is a type of linear potential sweep voltammetry which uses a combined square wave and potential escalator applied to a fixed electrode.

Electrochemical methods have a smooth control over fine-tuning pore and ligament sizes. The Nanoporous gold electrodes are prepared by using electrochemical techniques. These techniques are easier and strong in nature. Various steps are involved in the preparation of NPG solution. The procedure for preparing the solution involves the electrochemical deposition process. After that, the surface area and scanning rate of NPG are being calculated. For calculation purpose, different formulas are used. After this steps, lipoic acid (C8H14O2S2) is added to the NPG wire. Here Lipoic acid is defined as an octanoic acid linked with two sulfurs, this is the reason sometimes it is called pentanoic acid. The last step involves making the EDC and NHS solution. Graphs and experimental tables can be calculated and obtained through this experiment. So, this experiment is very much essential to determine the overall properties of Nanoporous gold.

The Nanoporous gold that is NPG is made by selective corrosion which provides a model system for the analysis of electrochemical and mechanical properties of nanomaterial. Nanoporous gold is made by DE alloying, which is widely studied as an advanced catalyst for energy storage as a high surface-area electrode. DE alloying refers to the removal of the less noble element from a solid solution by selective corrosion. In this experiment Square-wave Voltammetry (SWV) is used for calculating both the quantitative chemical analysis and study of the mechanism as well as the thermodynamics of chemical reactions. So, this is used as a tool which offers three major advantages when compared to other electrochemical techniques. It requires less time per span than the older techniques like pulse polarography. This SWV technique is used here to calculate the experiment in a fine way where an SWV sweep can be recorded in less than ten seconds. Its frequency determines whether the processes are based on fast or slow kinetics. Another technique which is explained in this experiment is cyclic voltammetry, which is generally preferred over Square-wave voltammetry for kinetic and mechanistic studies. Yet square-wave voltammetry technique allows mechanistic and kinetic measurements in solutions.

In this paper, the whole procedure for the preparation of Nanoporous gold is mentioned. Though the use to various process like, after the preparation of gold and silver solution. The electrochemical deposition where three electrodes are used. The reference electrode (Ag-Ag cl), a working electrode (Au-wire), and counter electrode (pt-wire or platinum wire) and after that dealloy is done to convert the alloy wires into the nitric acid. Though this the three experimental table of Cathodic and Anodic can be obtained. Two graphs are also obtained that is current density (mA/cm2) versus potential versus Ag*/Ag and scan rate (m/Vs).

Though the whole experiment it is concluded that nonporous gold is prepared by de-alloying a binary silver and gold alloy which is a hopeful material for the development of chemical sensors. One of the important reasons it has become so essential in recent years is that it can be done quickly, easily and reproducibly with the available sources and materials.

The qualities which make this element or material unique are its high surface area, open pore network that can be easily modified, and excellent conductivity. Many research work in this field has found that Nanoporous gold has the potential to impact that field of logical chemistry. The advanced technology which is related to the basic science. The Nanoporous metal fabrication and characterization coupled with more advances in sensing platforms and mechanisms. In the future, there will be more developed sensitive and selective tools for chemical sensing (Mangipudi, Epler & Volkert, 2016).