The Moral Issue of Abortion and Its Legalization in Bangladesh

Abortion is a medical process to stop pregnancy, so that it does not result in the birth of a baby. It is also called termination.An induced abortion is a process where measured steps are taken to end a pregnancy. The word abortion is usually used to mean only induced abortions. When the similar process is done after the fetus could possibly survive outside the womb is known as “late termination of pregnancy”.At the point when passable by law, premature birth in the developed world is one of the most secure techniques in prescription. Present day techniques incorporate medicine or medical procedure for premature births. The mix of the medications mifepristone and prostaglandin has all the earmarks of being as sheltered and successful as medical procedure amid the first and second trimester of pregnancy. The most well-known careful strategy incorporates enlarging the cervix and utilizing a suction gadget. Instigated premature births do not expand the danger of long haul mental or physical issues when it is utilized securely.

The World Health Organization prescribes protected and legitimate premature births be open to all women.Previously, abortions were done utilizing home grown solutions, sharp devices, forceful massage or through other conventional techniques. Laws and social or religious perspectives of abortions are distinctive all around the globe. In a few sections, abortion is legitimate just in particular cases, for example, rape, issues with the baby, destitution and hazard to a female's wellbeing or incest. In numerous places, there is much debate over the moral, ethical, and legal issues of abortion. The individuals who contradict abortion frequently trust that an embryo or fetus is a human with a privilege to life, so they consider abortion as a murder. The individuals who support the lawfulness of abortion frequently hold a view that a woman has a privilege to settle on choices about her own particular body. Others favor legal and accessible abortion as a public health degree.2. Literature ReviewUnwanted pregnancies and abortion have existed since time age-old. The fundamental work of George Devereux (1976) on the historical backdrop of abortion far and wide, focuses to the recurrence of abortion crosswise over societies and time. Chinese, Greek and Roman cultures have all developed systems of dealing with unwanted pregnancies and controlling population growth in their own societies.

The Egyptians were some of the first to create abortion techniques, which were discussed and reported in some of their first, and our oldest, medical texts (Devereux, 1976). In spite of its reality across time and its perseverance across geographic area, the effect of abortion on ladies, families, networks and social orders varies radically over the world. State and social command over abortion are built up in various ways Minimum 26% of world citizens live in countries where abortion is forbidden (Centre for Reproductive Rights, 2008).The ethical worlds in which abortions happen could possibly incorporate contentions about regenerative physiology, regulating sexuality, approaches identified with abortion, cultural and religious norms, demographic and political trends and family dynamics. It is completely conceivable that there are circumstances in which abortion shame does not exist, is negligible or is less demonized than another condition. For example, in Cameroon, (Johnson-Hanks, 2002) portrays a circumstance where nearby convictions about respect, disgrace and parenthood make abortion less despicable than a confused passage into parenthood. Abortion shame and status misfortune is regularly articulated at network and interpersonal organization levels. In Indonesia and Ghana, women who look for a fetus removal before marriage might be marked 'unbridled' or more regrettable and this spoil can put their odds of marriage in danger (Bennett 2001, Lithur, 2004).

Conversely, women who benefit from interpersonal organizations and trust that society bolsters their choice to end a pregnancy, for example, women in the UK, may encounter less misery and uneasiness than the individuals who were unsupported by their networks or the bigger condition (Goodwin and Ogden, 2007). Dread of network dismissal frequently pushes women to take extraordinary measures and may have lethal outcomes. In Zambia, 33% of students and 66% of ladies contemplated revealed endeavoring an abortion totally alone, frequently utilizing burning materials (Koster-Oyekan, 1998). Since fetus removal is comprehensively legitimate in the Asia's two most crowded nations, China and India, the dominant part of women in Asia live under liberal abortion laws. Abortion is not allowed in three Asian nations: Iraq, Laos and the Philippines. Seventeen out of fifty nations and domains in Asia permit abortion without confinement as to reason. In Thailand, abortion is just allowed under constrained conditions, women and suppliers are arraigned under the law, wellbeing inconveniences are normal and religious specialists are against facilitating limitations on abortion. Whittaker's (2002) explore shows that abortion is comprehended by villagers to be conceivably a sensible demonstration, given other social qualities identified with parenthood and destitution. While women recognize that Buddhism rejects premature birth, reality requests 'situational morals'. It is vague whether abortion is demonized in this specific circumstance. In Vietnam, which at one time had the world's most elevated premature birth rate, abortion was thought to be a piece of the national venture of communism to carry Vietnam into the 'levelheaded' and scientific world. Regardless of the generally simple availability of abortion administrations, young ladies and men experienced felt shame and communicated sentiments of disappointment that they had conferred an evil and corrupt act in view of their thoughts of family and religion. These outlook guided them to keep their premature birth a mystery (Gammeltoft, 2003). South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) is home to 28% of the world's kin and records for about a third (30%) of the world's maternal passings.

Thirteen percent of every maternal passing in South Asia are ascribed to intricacies of hazardous abortion and are essentially preventable. Prohibitive laws hamper safe abortion in the vast majority of the district, however even where laws are more liberal, constrained familiarity with the law has been a boundary to get to. Such wellbeing framework boundaries as an inadequate number of prepared suppliers, unjust conveyance of administrations, and exorbitant expenses have added to death from hazardous fetus removal. Socio-cultural mentalities, including the privilege of male relatives to settle on conceptive choices, the accentuation on male beneficiaries, and the solid social shame against extramarital pregnancy likewise put ladies in danger. Government and different establishments must endeavor to forestall abortion related demise and handicap by making abortion administrations open without bounds degree of the law. Wellbeing frameworks need to give crisis care to inconveniences and post abortion preventative advising, utilize proper innovation, and permit non-doctor suppliers to convey mind. Safe fetus removal mind programs need to address the requirements of the nearby network, especially the necessities of socially and monetarily defenseless subgroups, for example, the unmarried and youths. Abortion in Bangladesh is unlawful under most extreme conditions, however menstrual direction is frequently utilized as a substitute. Bangladesh is administered by the corrective code from 1860, where prompted abortion is illicit except if the woman is in peril. Verifiably, abortion has been dominating, especially amid the years following the Bangladesh Liberation War.

For instance, in 1972, the law guaranteed for abortion for those ladies who had been assaulted amid the war. In 1976, the Bangladesh National Population Policy incapably endeavored to sanction abortion in the main trimester. Since 1979, menstrual control has been the favored option in contrast to instigated abortion, and it is lawfully satisfactory in light of the fact that pregnancy cannot be built up. In 2012, the Drug Administration for Bangladesh sanctioned the blend of mifepristone and misoprotol for therapeutic abortion.Occurrences of abortions in the capital have increased at an alarming rate in recent years, and the exact number is impossible to find as most of them are done illegally, according to different sources in maternity centers and women’s rights activists in the capital. The number of unwanted pregnancies is especially high among teenage girls, the sources claimed. A major number of the abortion seekers are sex workers. Around 60% of them have gone through abortion more than once, according to an ICDDR,B report.

Abortion is the disintegration of pregnancy before the fetus is reasonable. In the medical science, this term and the term miscarriage both allude to the discontinuance of pregnancy before the baby is equipped for survival outside the uterus. The term abortion is more frequently used as a synonym for induced abortion, the deliberate disruption of pregnancy.

We would like to do our research to find the impact of morality on the issue of abortion, mostly among the new young generation of Bangladesh. We also tried to find out if this generation had a positive or negative attitude towards this issue.

To proceed with our research, it was essential to study on abortion from moral perspective.

General objective:We want to find out the impact of moral issues on people’s view towards abortion through survey and investigation.

Specific Objective:

• To assess peoples view towards abortion.
• To identify the impact moral issues on the idea of abortion.

We have collected both primary and secondary data to complete our term paper. First of all, we have studied about the current attitude of people towards abortion in Bangladesh, which helped us to know about the condition of that sector. This has also helped us to conduct our primary research.

So it has a likelihood of getting one-sided reaction and can't be assessed as a general reasoning of the general population of Bangladesh. Also due to the shortage of time the survey had to be done in a very short time and the time for conducting the research was also short.Due to the ignorance of people about research survey and the topic being sensitive one, we also faced problem while conducting our survey. They often acted adversely and sometimes felt scared to fill out the questionnaire and it also reflects to the data collected from them. Sometimes, people gave the answers without any thinking.

Through our research we have found that abortion is still not supported by the people of our country mainly because of moral issues. It is the established concept of morality which makes people reluctant towards this issue and agree with the existent law in this country. Among the new generation, still the majority considers abortion as morally wrong, in this age of science and technology. Although there are people who support and want the legalization of abortion in Bangladesh, but the majority do not want that. The main cause behind this is the impact of moral issues on our ideas and beliefs. Moral obligation highly influences the opinion of the people in case of such sensitive matters.