Epilepsy: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

The Nervous System and Epilepsy

The nervous system can be affected by numerous disorders, one of which is a well-known neurological disorder called epilepsy. When brain activity becomes unusual and causes a seizure, it is diagnosed as epilepsy. These seizures occur unexpectedly and vary for each individual. Epilepsy can be triggered by traumatic accidents, strokes, and tumors. For people over the age of thirty-five, epilepsy is often caused by a stroke. Additionally, a person can be born with this disorder, making it clear that anyone can develop epilepsy.

Understanding Epilepsy: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Epilepsy can have a wide range of effects on a person during a seizure. These seizures can impact various parts of the brain and alter how one functions during the episode. Seizures can cause staring spells, temporary confusion, uncontrollable jerking movements, psychic symptoms, and loss of consciousness. The symptoms of a seizure differ depending on its type. Most individuals with epilepsy experience the same type of seizure each time. Seizures are classified based on how abnormal brain activity begins. They can be either focal or generalized. A focal seizure occurs when abnormal activity is confined to one main area of the brain. In contrast, a generalized seizure involves abnormal activity on both sides of the brain. Both types can significantly affect various functions within the person's brain.

Diagnosis of Epilepsy

Doctors perform several tests to diagnose epilepsy. These tests help confirm the disorder, identify its cause, and determine the type of seizure. Initially, a neurological exam and blood samples are typically conducted. A neurological exam assesses the patient's motor abilities, behavior, and mental function. Blood tests are used to check for genetic conditions, infections, or other conditions associated with epilepsy. Additional tests are conducted to detect other abnormalities.

A common diagnostic tool for epilepsy is an electroencephalogram (EEG). This test involves attaching electrodes to the patient's head to record brain activity. Other diagnostic tests may include a computerized tomography (CT) scan, a high-density EEG, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), among others. There are also tests to determine the exact location in the brain where the patient's seizures originate.

Treatment Options for Epilepsy

Treatment for epilepsy typically involves medications. If these medications prove ineffective, doctors may recommend alternative treatments. Most individuals with epilepsy can achieve seizure freedom with medication after a period of consistent use. Even if seizures persist, medication can often reduce their intensity when combined with other treatments. However, medications can come with side effects, including fatigue, weight gain, rashes, speech problems, dizziness, loss of coordination, and memory and thinking issues. Severe side effects, though rare, may include severe rashes, depression, suicidal thoughts or actions, and inflammation of certain organs.

In cases where medication completely fails, surgery may be suggested. During this procedure, the surgeon removes the brain area responsible for the seizures. This option is considered only when tests show that the seizures originate in a small brain area, ensuring that other vital functions are not compromised.

Living with Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a serious but treatable condition. The disorder's impact on life expectancy depends on its severity and management. Numerous programs and support groups exist to assist individuals with epilepsy. With the right support, including medication or surgery, living with epilepsy can become more manageable.

References

• World Health Organization. (2019). Epilepsy. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy
• Mayo Clinic. (2020). Epilepsy. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/epilepsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20350093