Essays on Prejudice

Prejudice is an adverse or hostile attitude toward a group or its individual members, generally without just grounds or before sufficient evidence.

Prejudice can be based on political affiliation, sex, gender, gender identity, beliefs, values, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race, ethnicity, language, nationality, culture, complexion, beauty, height, occupation, wealth, education, criminality, sport-team affiliation, music tastes or other personal characteristics.

Sexism, gender indentity, nationalism, classism, sexual discrimination, racism, religious discrimination, linguistic discrimination, neurological discrimination, etc.

Prejudice makes the victim feel less than fully human. When people are undervalued by others, their self-esteem suffers and they stop trying to improve themselves. Prejudice can often lead to bullying and other forms of discrimination.

1. Herek, G. M., & McLemore, K. A. (2013). Sexual prejudice. Annual review of psychology, 64, 309-333. (https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143826)
2. Meertens, R. W., & Pettigrew, T. F. (1997). Is subtle prejudice really prejudice?. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 61(1), 54-71. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2749511)
3. Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. W. (1996). Predicting prejudice. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0147176796000260 International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20(3-4), 409-426.
4. Tajfel, H. (1969). Cognitive aspects of prejudice. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/cognitive-aspects-of-prejudice/4E151CFC7198D4908B5101C9133BDD4A Journal of biosocial science, 1(S1), 173-191.
5. Allport, G. W., & Kramer, B. M. (1946). Some roots of prejudice. The Journal of Psychology, 22(1), 9-39. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00223980.1946.9917293?journalCode=vjrl20)
6. Hunsberger, B., & Jackson, L. M. (2005). Religion, meaning, and prejudice. Journal of social issues, 61(4), 807-826. (https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00433.x)
7. Herek, G. M. (2000). The psychology of sexual prejudice. Current directions in psychological science, 9(1), 19-22. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-8721.00051?journalCode=cdpa)
8. Dovidio, J. F., Kawakami, K., Johnson, C., Johnson, B., & Howard, A. (1997). On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled processes. Journal of experimental social psychology, 33(5), 510-540. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022103197913317)
9. Crandall, C. S., & Eshleman, A. (2003). A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. Psychological bulletin, 129(3), 414. (https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0033-2909.129.3.414)
10. Billig, M. (1988). The notion of ‘prejudice’: Some rhetorical and ideological aspects. Text-Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Discourse, 8(1-2), 91-110. (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/text.1.1988.8.1-2.91/html)