Gis Applications in Civil Engineering

In this case first we have to identify the word GIS that is what is GIS. The meaning of word “GIS” is Geographic information System, Also there are so many, definitions to Geographic information system following definiens are some of them.

• A system is a group of connected entities and activities which interact for a common purpose.
• A system intended to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and present all types of geographic data.

GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical, analysts, and data base technology. So now we can talk about basically GIS technology is more useful in technical practice of Civil Engineering, In the preparatory phase is focused on spatial allocation of the building structure, check of best its feasibility and usefulness, road structure projects worked out, variant more detailed solution of technical problems of the building structure are projected.

In process of working on project various forms of basic source materials as well as the results of actual data capture, map documents previous resources photographs referring to the solved problem and appropriate legal and technical direction have been used. GIS technology often interconnected with modern technologies of data capture on the base of geodetic methods making use of GPS, total station or other powerful electronic system. In the following, text you will find further practical possibilities how to take advantage of GIS in the Civil Engineering.

GIS plays a vital role and serves as a complete platform in every phase of infrastructure life cycle. Under the infrastructure planning is a important thing. In the planning process it give us the well organized data. Which can help professionals to combat Complex scenarios relating to the selection of site, environmental impact,

Study of ecosystem, managing risk regarding the use of natural resources, sustainability issues, Managing traffic congestion, Routing of roads and pip lines, Economic analysis benefit alternative analysis, environmental impact mitigation etc. Then the next important aspect under the infrastructure is collection of data when we talk about the data collection precise and accurate data set is more important to held a successful project.

So the GIS data set is that kind of data set which have all the correct tools and functions. Also it gives users to access to the required data which they want in reasonable time also. As examples if anyone analysis about topography, field survey, subsurface geology, imaging, hydrology, wetlands, traffic and other site specific designs perfect data set will be very important. They the next aspect is environmental analysis, Analysis is one of the major and most influential phase of infrastructure life cycle. Analysis guides us about the validity of correctness of design or we can say that analyses is a method which supports our design some of the analyses that can be performed by GIS are.

• Water distribution analysis.
• Traffic capacity.
• Volume calculations.
• Environmental impact.
• Soil load analysis.
• Material consumption
• Site feasibility analysis.
• River or canals pattern analysis.
• Temperature and humidity analysis.

The Next Aspect is Design. This allows creation of new infrastructure data for new civil works including grading,contouring,specifications,cross sections,design calculations,mass haul plans, environmental mitigation plans and equipment staging. This includes integration with traditional design tool such as CAD and databases for new design capabilities.

Next One is Construction. This aspect is the most close aspect for the community that’s the stage when all layout plans and paper work and other designs come in to the real world applications. In this case basically GIS helps to professionals to understand about those side works which happen during the construction. Also those GIS applications helps to professionals to keep their construction works within their budget as well as to manage their labourers well and utilize their resources efficiently like,

• Timely usage of construction equipment.
• Managing working hours.
• Payment calculations.
• Material tracking.
• Traffic management.

The data collection as built surveying is the next aspect as we all the another GIS application in civil engineering field. In this case GIS provides the tools to collect precise site data anddocument existing conditions with as built surveying infrastructure data,operators use defined,operational,industry standard data models. As built surveying with GIS technology permits the surveyor to deliver data into operational GIS,eliminating costly data conversion and reducing errors.

Our Next Application is Operations. We can introduce this as a maintenance also these operations areControlled by modelling of site data and baselines prepared in planning phase compared those operations. Most commonly modelling of sites are in the form of raster images of CAD drawings. These things really helpful to professionals to keep the track of timely operations of activities without any obstacle. It will help to efficiency of the site.

Also using GIS can make a record of work that has been completed and can give us a visualization in the form of thematic maps which will guide us about rate of operations, completed operations as well as pending operations. Also, we can get a good idea about history of our work. Also went professionals doing their network tracings topological characteristics of GIS applications are very useful to complete their work well.