In his thought-provoking essay, "Defining Deviancy Down," Daniel Patrick Moynihan explores the intriguing concept of how societies adapt to increasing levels of deviant behavior and redefine what is considered normal. This essay delves into Moynihan's insights, examining the implications of "defining deviancy down" on our...
Qualities of strong relationships are the foundation upon which enduring connections are built. This essay delves into the essential characteristics that contribute to the strength and resilience of relationships. By exploring these qualities, we gain insights into the dynamics that foster healthy and lasting bonds...
Introduction To understand information theory, we have to start where it all began. The idea of information theory has, in fact, been around since 1948. Created by Claude Shannon, a mathematician, and Warren Weaver, an electrical engineer, in 1948 the theory has come to be...
Social Media and Interpersonal Communication In today’s society, social media has become the preferred form of communication for many teenagers, adults, and even young children who have never experienced a life without the convenience of seamless communication at their fingertips. At the rate that social...
Working in the industry of IT, people communicating across the globe is something that is highly likely, recognising other people’s backgrounds and their culture is important to do. Having different religious beliefs require some people to leave during the work hours to practice. This is...
Other than being categorized as formal or informal, communication can be classified as either verbal or non-verbal as well. Verbal or oral communication involves the use of speech to pass information. For verbal communication to be effective, clear spoken words have to be used. Similarly,...
Do you know anyone around you who can overcome the fear of speaking or doing something in public? Or you yourself might be someone shy? “Seven Ways to Beat Shyness,” an article written by Carolyn Kitch, gives information and ideas that can help us overcome...
It is likely that communication difficulties will be encountered occasionally within the school environment. These may be due to an area of special need or because of individual have different attitude or belief from others in the group. There may be numbers of different reasons...
As part our development as humans we have a need to communicate with others. Throughout each stage of our lives we are faced with different and new circumstances in which we must meet people and connect with them so that we can grow and develop...
Interpersonal Communication is the communication between two or more person, through verbal or non- verbal messages. It is rightly said that a single brain alone can’t take all decisions alone. We need people to discuss various issues, evaluate pros and cons and reach to solutions...
Interpersonal Communication Stereotyping is the oversimplified and overlooked pejorative attitude that people tend to show towards people outside their own experiences or from other backgrounds. I have witnessed many cases of stereotyping throughout my life and they mainly occur when people have distorted or incomplete...
There is a general phrase that states, “actions speak louder than words” (Du Plooy-Cilliers & Louw, 2014). This phrase translates to the meaning that people will normally believe what you do rather than what you say. Nonverbal communication is a form of communication that involves...
Everyone finds certain things extremely irritating. These actions, caused by other people, make your lips tighten, eyes roll, and become overwhelmingly irritated. It could be noise, an act, or just something that ticks us. Sometimes people do not realize their acts and behaviors are annoying...
When I was high school student, I had bad relationship with my brother; we usually didn’t talk to each other. We fought several times a day. His annoying tone always made me angry. One morning, while watching TV, I asked my brother: “Why are you...
In the U.S today, changes in life paradigms have led to an increase in the occurrence of couple long-distance relationships. Despite the fact that long-distance relationship among couples has been there for a long time, their frequency has been increasing recently due to social, economic,...
Introduction We are introduced to many significant ideas regarding the Symbolic Interaction Theory (SI) in the movie Inside Out. One being “how we act, founded on the element that we assign imperative meaning to people, things and events.” In the context of this paper I...
A big ball of nervousness weighs down your stomach as you anxiously approach the door. You have a date tonight, and as your sweaty fist reaches to knock on the door to signal to your date that you’re there, a series of thoughts go through...
Introduction Looking back at the listening profile assessment, I noticed that I scored pretty close to my expectations for more than half of the questions asked throughout the assessment. Being that my scores on the assessment were right around where I thought I would land,...
Good Communication Skills Present Among the Staff Good communication involves understanding demand, and relaying key information. Several of these communication skills used at Glenmore hotel are present among the staff. This includes Listening skills, Note-taking, writing skills, Asking questions, being empathetic, and presentation skills. Made-to-order...
In speech, the main domain for intersocial communication, understanding can only function if all essential aspects of a message are successfully conveyed. Besides the linguistic content of an utterance also paralinguistic aspects play a role, such as the emotional state of the speaker, his or...
In today’s digital age relationships are mediated by social media. Social media is changing the nature of relationships because of the presence it makes through creating a social identity. Within a romantic relationship between two individuals, computer-mediated- communication (CMC) can be a factor in the...
Fallacies may be present in several ways: verbal, formal, and material. Also, it can either be positive, negative, or emotional. When a disputant uses personal attacks to attack opponents rather than discuss the issues, it counts as fallacies. If a debtor cannot defend his position...
The interaction between two or more than two persons, which is the sender and the receiver, is termed as communication. The existence of life is impossible if there is no communication. All living beings communicate with each other through voice, sound and touch. The main...
An essential piece of our everyday lives is one that often goes without much forethought of its impact in our lives; language. The prime method of communication between individuals is language. Whether you’re evoking your angriest emotions to express yourself, or channeling your inner happiness...
Communication plays a very important role towards the development of any organization. Through communication; commands and instructions are passed that guide people on the manner they should perform their tasks. For that reason, it is important for companies to ensure that communication within the company...
Introduction Self can be defined as the set of someone’s characteristics such as personality and ability, that are not physical and make that person different from other people. Gecas (1982) initiate that an initial distinction should be made between the term “self” and “self-concept” as...
Networking is the currency of the success of our generation. Building long-lasting relationships for personal growth as well as professional development comes naturally for extroverts like myself. One of the major contributions that helped me shape networking and management skills took place during 2011-2013 when...
Italian Interpersonal Communication Italy is a very high context culture; they learn more from nonverbal and environmental cues than spoken words. They have a very relaxed concept of time, use many hand gestures and haptics, live by Bella Figura, and share a listening style similar...
Nonverbal communication is the first thing that interests me because of its importance. I believe that many individuals underestimate the significance of nonverbal communication. We normally think of communication in reference to what we say or the words we utilize. Interpersonal communication encompasses far more...
Have your parents ever taught you to be polite and respect to others? There are a communication theories called politeness theory, which is commonly used between human. It is about keeping both faces of the speakers and listeners by special techniques. I will begin by...
Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people. It is also an area of research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and relational goals.
Categories
Interpersonal communication research addresses at least six categories of inquiry: 1) how humans adjust and adapt their verbal communication and nonverbal communication during face-to-face communication; 2) how messages are produced; 3) how uncertainty influences behavior and information-management strategies; 4) deceptive communication; 5) relational dialectics; and 6) social interactions that are mediated by technology.
Types
There are four types of interpersonal communication — oral, verbal, nonverbal, and listening.
References
1. Berger, J. (2014). Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research. Journal of consumer psychology, 24(4), 586-607. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1057740814000369)
2. Miller, G. R. (1978). The current status of theory and research in interpersonal communication. Human Communication Research, 4(2), 164-178. (https://academic.oup.com/hcr/article-abstract/4/2/164/4626715)
3. Weber, T. (2008). Handbook of interpersonal communication (Vol. 2). Walter de Gruyter. https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110211399/html
4. Penley, L. E., & Hawkins, B. (1985). Studying interpersonal communication in organizations: A leadership application. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 309-326. (https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/256203)
5. Graham, E. E., Barbato, C. A., & Perse, E. M. (1993). The interpersonal communication motives model. Communication Quarterly, 41(2), 172-186. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01463379309369877)
6. Burgoon, J. K., Berger, C. R., & Waldron, V. R. (2000). Mindfulness and interpersonal communication. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 105-127. (https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/0022-4537.00154)
7. Wackman, D. B. (1973). Interpersonal communication and coorientation. American Behavioral Scientist, 16(4), 537-550. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/000276427301600405?journalCode=absb)
8. Bylund, C. L., Peterson, E. B., & Cameron, K. A. (2012). A practitioner's guide to interpersonal communication theory: An overview and exploration of selected theories. Patient education and counseling, 87(3), 261-267. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S073839911100557X)
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