HeLa is a cell type in an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. Its scientific name is Helacyton gartleri. It came from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta lacks...
I enter the nerves of the diseased and cause inflammation of the brain in humans and other animals. I am present in more than 150 countries, with more than 3 billion people in regions of the world living where I exist. In 2015 alone, I...
Microorganisms make up a large part of the planet’s living material and play a major role in maintaining the Earth’s ecosystem. Microorganisms are the tiny organisms that cannot be seen by the naked eyes. They are microscopic and are usually known for producing diseases to...
Did you know, bacteria are a living and thriving species? “There are over ten million different types of bacteria! They can live within soil, in the ocean, or inside the human gut”. I am very interested in seeing what type of cleanser best kills these...
When some people hear the topic of trees they’re like trees are boring all they do is stand there occasionally looking pretty in the winter or dropping fruit in the autumn but not you of course those others fact is trees are fascinating organisms operating...
Pear Most of the pear varieties are self fruit unfruitful. However, nearly all pears are suitable pollinizers for other varieties that bloom at the same time. One exception is Seckel, which is not a good Pollinizer for Bartlett. Even though Anjou, Bartlett and Keiffer are...
Mitosis and meiosis are two different forms of reproduction in eukaryotic cells. These two processes are similar in some aspects while different in others. Both result in the creation of new cells, but through different methods. Mitosis is a type of asexual reproduction, while meiosis...
Viral Disease: Structure: Viral diseases are often associated as not living as they do not move and stay on the outside of a hosts cell. They are made up from strands of nucleic acids, these consist of either DNA or RNA, which are surrounded by...
Protein Shakes have always been a powerful source of nourishing your body as these contain all the necessary nutrients, which otherwise are hard to obtain from food. But which protein shakes are the best for you? This is a very important question asked by many...
The land plants possess waxy cuticle on the leaves and stem which prevents water loss but also interfere with gas exchange. To cope with this problem, plants have evolved pores in the epidermis called stomata. A stoma consists of two symmetrically opposed specialized cells: guard...
Movement of solute molecules across the cell membrane into regions of higher concentrations or against a concentration gradient, with the use of metabolic energy input is known as active transport. Binding protein transport systems or ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) is a good example of...
Introduction Rabies is a very interesting disease to research as it is such a complex virus. It is a zoonotic disease spread through bites or saliva of an infected animal. It is usually fatal as it does not show definitive signs of the infection until...
Proteins are formed when amino acids join through peptide bonds, which is why they are also called polypeptides. The peptide bonds between the amino acids are formed by a process called dehydration synthesis. The conformation of a protein is dependent upon physical and chemical conditions...
Photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds. It would be impossible...
Antibiotic resistance crisis is happening now and it seems like there is no solution to it yet. Everyone knows that the antibiotic resistance is elevating to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world. The antibiotics that were used to save millions of lives...
There are three fundamental techniques to induce tetraploidy in vitro. First technique is that a nucleus (2n) is fused to a fertilized ovum surgically. The repeatably uniform tetraploid embryos were produced by this method but only 9–15% of the injected blastocysts survived due to surgical...
Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females.During the process of meiosis one cell divides two times to...
Introduction The Human Papilloma Virus, otherwise more commonly known as HPV, is the most widespread sexually transmitted disease in the United States. There are millions of new cases that are diagnosed annually. According to Medical News Today, “Each year, around 19,400 women and 12,100 men...
The primary structure of a protein refers to the sequence of amino acids within the peptide chain. the first structure is held along by peptide bonds that are created throughout the method of protein biosynthesis. the first structure of a protein is decided by the...