Pharmacology Essays

According to Oxford Dictionary of Nursing, a drug is defined as any substance that affects the structure or functioning of a living organism. It is a very powerful and useful substance that people use in order to prevent, diagnosed and treat their diseases, without these...

A lot of older patients take NSAIDs chronically. There are a lot of adverse effects associated with chronic NSAID use including the risk of acute renal failure, stroke/myocardial infarction, peptic ulcer disease, as well as worsening of other chronic diseases including heart failure, hypertension. NSAIDs...

Chronic inflammatory pain and disease are major worldwide health problems, which are responsible for three in five deaths, and has contributed to the global opioid epidemic (Pahwa & Jialal, 2018). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and in particular, Ibuprofen, are among the most frequently consumed drugs...

There are illnesses being treated every day, so that means there is also medicine being made to combat those illnesses. A new drug doesn’t just popup over night, it has very strict process it must go through in order to be given to the public....

The oldest examples of aspirin were found on papyrus in ancient Egypt and in clay tablets in ancient sumeria. These described medicines made from willow tree bark extract and plants rich in salicylate. Western medicine also used these medicines to reduce fevers around 400 B.C,...

Medicines falcification is one of the biggest problem in the pharmaceutical sector. Below are some information stated by the Health Research Funding Organisation: Internet sales of counterfeit drugs account for $75 billion of the total market; About 60 different Pfizer medicines and products were being...

Caffeine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in more than 60 plants 23. Methylxanthine caffeine is one of the most widely consumed stimulants in the world. It is a mild central nervous system stimulant, a vasodilator, and a diuretic 22. Caffeine is present in wide...

The purpose of this research paper is to gain more information and knowledge regarding ADHD and why Methylphenidate is the number one drug prescribed to treat its symptoms. The following information is from different researches and meta-analysis studying the effects of Methylphenidate on adults. Studies...

In today’s time many of the stimulants that Bodybuilders use for strength boosting, Clenbuterol reactions can and do happen. A portion of these are gentle and leave alone after some time. However, others may turn out to be extraordinarily irritating or dangerous. Clenbuterol (or clenbuterol...

Tablets are pharmaceutical dosage forms composed of a mixture of an active therapeutic ingredient and excipients prepared by either granulation or compression which are intended to deliver the desired pharmacologic action to the body. It is taken orally, the most convenient route of administration. Excipients...

Imagine a world without medicine. Those who became ill were given days to live until the disease completely overtook their bodies. Their organs began to shut down, eventually killing the person suffering from this disease. This was the world before the year 1860. People were...

Louis Pasteur is the most influential in terms of comprehension of disease of the entire time frame as he is truly a giant in medicine. He was born on December 27, 1822, and he would die on September 28 1895. He was a revolutionary chemist...

The United States today is facing a crisis of greed and distrust in pharmaceutical industry and medical field, leaving physicians and medical professionals to contradict why they have pledged the oath to serve the patient who comes in for help and to never take advantage...

Surgical procedures are painful, no doubt. Even with the advancement of medicine in the field of anaesthetic, certain complications are to be expected among patients who were receiving anaesthesia (regardless of types) such as bradycardia, post-puncture headache, hypotension and feeling pain despite an adequate dose...

This essay will discuss the movement of medical care from the ‘patient knows best’ approach to the ‘Doctor knows best’ approach. Advances in dissection, laboratory medicine, germ theory, and medical implements, combined with contributions from many individuals, lead to this shift in healthcare away from...

In the recent time, it has been said that MRSA infections in the western countries like America has increased and the mortality rate is increased than the AIDS. Life-threatening diseases are caused by toxins from CA-MRSA strain like Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and Phenol-Soluble Modulins (PSM)....

Precipitation of solid drug particles in the gastro-intestinal tract affects both the rate and extent of intestinal drug absorption might be a factor that significantly contributes to the low and highly variable bioavailability observed for some low solubility drugs. A pre-requisite for such precipitation is...

In my country, Bangladesh, there is a stereotypical conception that if a student doesn’t accomplish his undergraduate degree from a renowned government academy, he is incompetent. But I always begged to differ and rather believed that if a person is genuinely meritorious and diligent, he...

Financial Proponents – Innovation. Financial rewards have always been a significant tool for motivation. It is a powerful incentive that has pushed firms to innovation, and as a result, materialized some of the most groundbreaking medicine in history. Innovation is very powerful but often comes...

Drugs are not just ordinary consumer products hence if they are not with certain quality, efficacy and safety can be dangerous. Therefore it is the responsibility of national regulatory authorities to protect the patient from harm. (Lembit Rago, 2014) Pharmaceutical industries are considered as the...

The discovery of antibiotics is one of the wonders innovations that humanity has experienced, but this light miracle died out just after the appearance of antibiotic resistance and the understanding of these origins and mechanisms. Although some authors have implemented corrective plans to minimize the...

Drug counterfeiting is a major problem in the pharmaceutical industry. Here are some metrics revealed by the Health Research Funding Organisation:Internet sales of counterfeit drugs account for $75 billion of the total market; About 60 different Pfizer medicines and products were being counterfeited around the...

According to me the ethical decision is if the drug is approved than we should do the clinical trials in Albania and use a part of the profits to Start up a compassionate use program in Albania, even though setting up a distribution system and...

There are some studies showed that Polysorbate 80 has been linked to infertility in mice, an increased risk of blood clots, heart attack, stroke, heart failure and even the recurrence of cancer. This additive was indicated by a article in PubMed as a causative agent...

Merck & Co Inc was one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical companies for drug production and research with continually growing revenues throughout the 1970s and reaching almost $2 billion in 1978. Accordingly, the company allocated hundreds of millions of funds each year towards various projects...

Pharmacology being derived from two Greek words “pharmakon” which illustrates medicine and “logos” which illustrates study is simply combined to give a definition as the study of drugs. (Michael Adams, Norman Holland and Carol Urban, 2017). As of today, people have become more dependent on...

Introduction Testosterone is a hormone that gives men their characteristic deep voices, large muscles, and both their facial and body hair, distinguishing them from women. During puberty, testosterone prompts the growth of the genitalia, plays a role in producing sperm, fuels libido, and contributes to...

The curvy and lengthy nature of expanded access program of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for experimental drug therapy as well as the inability to enroll all the sick patients in the clinical trials led to the formation of a channel through which terminally...

Follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) trigger several of the follicles in the ovary to develop which is known as the follicular phase. Usually, only one follicle will make it to maturity. As the follicle develops, it secretes estrogen which stimulates the thickening of the endometrium in...

The Earths beautiful creature – Honeybees produces honey that provides many uses and benefits for everyday life, but it’s not only the substance produced. The second most important component is the beeswax which forms the structure of honeycomb and is often confused with propolis, but...