Physical therapy and surgery are the most often used methods of recovery when it comes to any major injury. Surgery is a must with certain injuries that have shown extensive damage to the body, while physical therapy has normally been used as a way for...
Going through life can be a rollercoaster of emotions, and you are bound to get hurt at one point or another. If it is sports related or not, injuries can have a variety of impacts on someone’s life. Physical therapy can help athletes overcome and...
The endocrine and nervous systems have common functions such as internal communication and regulating functions of the body. The two systems are capable of slow and fast reactions to stimulus. The nervous system sends electrical impulses to each portion of the body to regulate bodily...
The world we live in is so huge, and is ours to discover. We were born with a set of tools to touch, feel, see, hear, taste, and smell the world around us, but are those tools sufficient enough to establish an adequate map of...
Abstract Coronary heart disease is a condition caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle due to atherosclerotic plaque and deposition of different substances that lead to narrowing of the coronary arteries, the plaque or even clotting is because of obesity unhealthy lifestyle and...
Heavy metals are very hazardous and have become a big concern for health practitioners over the previous years. Population growth, Industrialization, and urbanization have brought about the emergence of manufacturing industries to feed the growing population. Smoke and fumes from chimneys of industries have resulted...
The digestive system breaks down food by mechanical and chemical process. The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract is the pathway from the mouth to the anus. This is where nutrients and energy from food and fluids are reabsorbed,...
In America, a balanced dinner typically includes ordering pizza from your local pizza shop, chips that have been on the store shelf for too long, a carbonated drink, and lastly, a wonderful chocolate dessert such as brownies or chocolate chips. Although this may taste very...
Case Study A 19-year-old African-American female, hereafter referred to as “AP”, presents to her primary care physician with fatigue, fever, and right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain for 3 days. AP has a significant medical history of sickle cell anemia (SCA). AP also complains of...
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic, recessive disorder which affects the lungs and the liver. CF develops when there is a mutation in the gene because it’s autosomal recessive it means you would have inherited two copies of the CFTR gene, one from each parent....
Abstract Pain is a physiological response that our body uses to alarm us of any dangerous stimuli, but it has been found that pain goes beyond just a physiological response. Studies have provided inconclusive findings on the environmental factors at play in the development of...
In the developing and developed countries science has become an indispensable factor affecting people’s physical fitness, especially the fermentation in food. Some scientists believe that fermentation will be an “excellent assistant” for each individual’s digestive system, such as improving digestive health, boosting the immune system...
Enzymes are biological molecules that are responsible for several metabolic processes that break down certain chemicals in the body. They help to convert the reactant into the product by speeding up the reaction. After the breakdown of food, the enzymes in the body will convert...
Through the process of natural selection, the life on our planet evolved. Natural selection dictated that in order for us, as living organisms, to survive, we had to adapt and coexist. In today’s world six different kingdoms of life are living together. In many cases,...
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality. Presently, various cytologic diagnostic techniques are being used in the evaluation of suspected lung neoplasms. Though the initial diagnosis of malignancy can be made based on clinico-radiological grounds, but the definitive diagnosis needs cytological or histopathological...
Introduction Visual perception is how we make sense of the world around us through the light that enters our eyes. Throughout evolution, the act of processing signals and distinguishing them from their surrounding noise has allowed humans to take the necessary actions in response to...
The development of a child from conception to birth is an interesting and intricate process that takes nine months of development, so let’s see what all takes place. Firstly we must look into how an embryo is conceived. An embryo is conceived when sperm successfully...
Pregnancy is the most wonderful experience anyone could have, but what if you were unable to have successful pregnancies due to fertility issues or other complications? Pregnancy complications such as breech fetuses and unsuccessful implantation are a few of the many things that can go...
Abstract How much water we really need depends on water functions and the mechanisms of daily water balance regulation. The aim of this review is to describe the functions of water balance and highlight the new recommendations with regard to water requirements. Water has numerous...